Ali Shojaeian* and Ameneh Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi

Background and aims: T1D is one of the most frequent endocrine and metabolic conditions in children, chiefly occure following an autoimmune demolition. The characteristics of T1D are the autoantibodies detected in the serum of these patients. The present study was performed to briefly explain the genetics, molecular biology and epidemiology of T1D around the world.
Methods: This review was prepared using the databases of Science Direct, Pub-Med, Scopus, Web of Science, reference lists check and hand searching using keywords such as "prevalence", "incidence","aetiology", "clinical manifestation", "T1D" and "risk factors". The selected papers were fully reviewed and required information for the review was extracted and summarized.
Results: One of the interesting topics for researchers is study of genetic and environmental risk factors (such as age, sex, race, genotype, geographic location and season) involved in T1D chiefly occure following an autoimmune demolition of the pancreatic β cells through cell mediated immunity as well as a humoral immune response. Understanding these factors can play a significant role in the clinical care of patients, treatment and prevention of disease. Epidemiological studies around the world show that the incidence of T1D has been increasing. DIAMOND Project, EURODIAB and SEARCH are the most important projects for childhood diabetes. Epidemiological studies around the world demonstrated that the incidence ofT1D has been increasing by 2-5%. Furthermore, in the "US" Sit has been indicated that the prevalence of T1D is approximately 1 in 300 by 18 years of age.
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of T1D and related risk factors, strategic planning for disease prevention and reduction is necessary.

Cite this Article: Shojaeian A, Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi A. An overview of the Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Metab Syndr. 2018;2(1): 001-019.

Published: 30 January 2018